Understanding Wire Gauge: A Quick Guide
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One of the most important factors to understand when you are searching for a cable for your project is the wire gauge. In the U.S., wire size is commonly measured using the American Wire Gauge (AWG) system. This standardized scale is essential for determining the electrical capacity and physical size of a wire.
In the AWG system, the lower the number, the thicker the wire. For example, a 10 AWG wire is significantly heavier than a 16 AWG wire. Thicker wires can carry more current and are typically used for higher-power applications, while thinner wires are suitable for lower current loads like lighting circuits.
Common Wire Gauge Applications
14 AWG: General lighting and outlets (15 amps)
12 AWG: Kitchen and bathroom outlets (20 amps)
10 AWG: Water heaters and air conditioners (30 amps)
8 AWG and lower: High-power appliances and subpanels (40+ amps)
Always consider the distance of the wire run, as voltage drop can be a factor. For longer runs, you may need a thicker gauge.
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